What is a controlled substance?

Controlled substances are drugs and other substances regulated under the federal Controlled Substances Act. They are classified into five schedules based on accepted medical use, potential for abuse, and safety or dependence liability. Controlled substances and hazardous pharmaceuticals are separate regulatory categories, although a substance may fall into both. Not all prescription medications are controlled substances, and not all controlled substances are narcotics. Healthcare organizations should identify each waste stream correctly and follow applicable federal, state, local and tribal requirements for handling and disposal.